Items

• positive regard

  Unconditional acceptance valuing client's inherent worth.
• positivism

  Knowledge from observable, measurable empirical evidence.
• post-test

  Measurement after intervention assessing change.
• post-modernism

  Rejects grand narratives; emphasizes pluralism/relativism.
• poverty

  Inability to meet basic needs due to insufficient resources.
• poverty line

  Minimum income threshold for basic needs coverage.
• power

  Capacity to influence/control behavior/resources/outcomes.
• practice

  Application of social work knowledge/skills in real situations.
• practicum

  Supervised field training applying theory to practice.
• pre-test

  Baseline measurement before intervention.
• pre-modern/pre-positivism

  Historical approaches before scientific/empirical methods.
• presenting problem

  Client's chief complaint/reason for seeking help.
• prevalence rate

  Proportion having condition at specific time.
• prevention

  Strategies stopping problems before occurrence.
• principle

  Fundamental truth guiding ethical/professional conduct.
• private practice

  Independent social work services for fee.
• privilege

  Unearned advantages from dominant social group membership.
• probation

  Community supervision alternative to incarceration.
• probation officer

  Supervises offenders ensuring court condition compliance.
• probing

  Targeted questions deepening issue exploration.
• problematic family

  Family facing multiple/chronic dysfunctions.
• problem solving

  Systematic process identifying/resolving issues.
• process

  Series of steps/actions achieving intervention goals.
• process report

  Written account of intervention methods/activities.
• professional relationship

  Ethical, purposeful social worker-client interaction.