The systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships, examining how human action is shaped by cultural and social structures (Turner,
1993).
Refers to cohesion, unity and shared sense of belonging that binds members of society together often characterised by shared values, mutual
interdependence and collective consciousness.
Refers to a system of values, attitudes, modes of behaviour and lifestyles of social groups which is distinct from, but related to the dominant culture of a society (The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology, 1984).
In Marxist analysis, this is the value remaining when the worker’s daily costs of substance have been subtracted from the value that he/she produces (The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology, 1984).
Provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. From sample results, the researcher generalizes or makes claims about the population (Creswell, 2009).
SDGs also known as Global Goals or Agenda 2030 are a universal call to action adopted by all UN Member States in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure peace and prosperity for all by
2030.
Refers to the prestige, honour, recognition and respect that individuals or groups possess which gives
them social power and legitimacy in the society.
Systematic beliefs are organised, coherent and structured sets of ideas shared by members of society that explain reality, guide behaviour and shape values
and norms.
Application of knowledge and skills for the achievement of practical purpose. (Technology includes a connotation of tricks not available to outsiders – “tricks of the trade” – and is the domain of the craftsman, professional, or engineer in modern times.) (Hudson and Sullivan, 2014)
Is a political system in which the state holds total control over all aspects of public and private life, and
individual freedoms are almost completely eliminated.
Refers to any human practices, belief, institution, or artefact which is handed down from one generation to the next (The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology, 1984).
A condition in which countries experience limited economic growth, poverty and structural inequality
often linked to historical exploitation (Rodney, 2018).
Refers to the WHAT of your study: what object, phenomenon, entity, process, or event you are interested in investigating.” (Babbie and Mouton,
1998:84).
Refers to the process by which an increasing proportion of a population concentrates in urban areas (cities/towns), migrating from rural areas and driving a shift from agricultural to industrial or service-based economies (The Penguin Dictionary
of Sociology, 1984).
Social order is dependent on the existence of general, shared values which are regarded as legitimate and binding and act as a standard means of which ends of action are selected (The Penguin Dictionary of
Sociology, 1984).