Items

• lens

  A transparent optical component with one or more curved surfaces that refracts light to converge or diverge rays, forming images.
• lepton

  A fundamental particle that does not undergo strong interactions; includes electrons, muons, tau particles, and neutrinos.
• level

  A specific value or state in a system, such as energy level in atoms or sea level in geography.
• light

  Electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye (roughly 400–700 nm wavelength), and more broadly, includes ultraviolet and infrared.
• line

  An idealized one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions; used in geometry and graphs.
• liquid

  A state of matter with a fixed volume but no fixed shape, flowing to conform to its container.
• lithosphere

  The rigid outer layer of Earth, comprising the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
• logarithm

  The exponent by which a base number is raised to produce a given number. In science, used to compress wide-ranging data (e.g., pH scale, decibels).
• logic

  The systematic study of valid reasoning and principles of inference; foundational in mathematics, computer science, and scientific methodology.
• longitudinal

  Describes waves in which particle motion is parallel to the direction of wave propagation, such as sound waves in air.
• macroscopic

  Describes objects or phenomena that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye, as opposed to microscopic.
• magnet

  An object or material that produces a magnetic field and can attract ferromagnetic materials like iron.
• magnetism

  Magnetism is the component of electromagnetism that involves magnets, magnetic fields, and magnetic forces
• magnitude

  The size or quantity of a physical value, often referring to scalar quantities like brightness, force, or vector length.
• malleable

  Describes materials that can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking; a property of many metals.
• manometer

  A device used to measure pressure, typically consisting of a U-shaped tube containing liquid.
• maser

  A device that amplifies or generates coherent microwave radiation, similar to a laser but at longer wavelengths.
• mass

  A measure of the amount of matter in an object; it determines an object’s inertia and is measured in kilograms (kg).
• mathematics

  The abstract science of number, quantity, shape, space, and their relationships, used as a fundamental tool in scientific analysis.
• matrix

  A rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns, used in mathematics, physics, and engineering.
• matter

  Anything that has mass and occupies space; it exists in various states such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
• maximum

  The greatest value in a set or function; often refers to peak energy, amplitude, or measurement in physics and math.
• mean

  The average value of a data set, calculated as the sum of all values divided by the number of values.
• measurement

  The process of quantifying physical properties using standard units (e.g., meters, seconds, kilograms).
• mechanical energy

  The sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system; the energy associated with the motion and position of objects.