Items

• impedance

  A measure of opposition a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current (AC), combining resistance and reactance (measured in ohms, Ω).
• implicit

  Not directly stated but implied or understood from context; in science, often refers to equations where the dependent variable is not isolated.
• imply

  To suggest or indicate indirectly; in science, a conclusion or inference drawn from evidence or reasoning.
• impulse

  The product of force and the time over which it acts, equal to the change in momentum of an object (Impulse = Force × Time).
• incident

  Refers to something striking or arriving at a surface (e.g., incident light or incident wave).
• incline

  A sloped surface or plane; often used in physics problems to analyze forces and motion.
• independent

  A variable or factor that is not affected by others in an experiment; the input or cause in a causal relationship.
• index

  A numerical value used to describe a ratio or property, such as the refractive index (ratio of light speed in vacuum to in a material).
• indicate

  To point out or show; in science, to reveal a measurement, behavior, or pattern.
• inductance

  A property of a conductor or coil that causes it to oppose changes in current by inducing a voltage (measured in henrys, H).
• inertia

  The resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion; more mass means more inertia.
• infinite

  Without limits or end; used in math and theoretical physics to describe unbounded quantities or systems.
• infinitesimal

  An extremely small quantity that approaches zero but is not zero; used in calculus and theoretical analysis.
• infrared

  Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves; associated with heat.
• initial

  The starting state of a system or object before a process begins (e.g., initial velocity, initial position).
• instantaneous

  Occurring or measured at a specific moment in time; used in physics to describe quantities like instantaneous speed.
• insulator

  A material that resists the flow of electric current or heat (e.g., rubber, glass).
• integer

  A whole number (positive, negative, or zero) without fractions or decimals.
• integral

  In calculus, the sum of infinitely small quantities; used to calculate areas, volumes, and accumulated values.
• integrate

  To perform integration; in science, also used generally to mean combining parts into a whole.
• intensity

  The power transferred per unit area, often used in reference to light, sound, or radiation.
• interact

  To act upon or influence one another; in physics, refers to forces and fields between particles or bodies.
• interference

  The phenomenon where two or more waves overlap, producing regions of reinforcement or cancellation.
• interferometer

  A device that uses interference of light waves to make precise measurements of distance, index, or other changes.
• internal energy

  The total energy contained within a system due to the motion and interactions of its particles.