Refers to any human practices, belief, institution, or artefact which is handed down from one generation to the next (The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology, 1984).
A condition in which countries experience limited economic growth, poverty and structural inequality
often linked to historical exploitation (Rodney, 2018).
Refers to the WHAT of your study: what object, phenomenon, entity, process, or event you are interested in investigating.” (Babbie and Mouton,
1998:84).
Refers to the process by which an increasing proportion of a population concentrates in urban areas (cities/towns), migrating from rural areas and driving a shift from agricultural to industrial or service-based economies (The Penguin Dictionary
of Sociology, 1984).
Social order is dependent on the existence of general, shared values which are regarded as legitimate and binding and act as a standard means of which ends of action are selected (The Penguin Dictionary of
Sociology, 1984).
A perspective that views the global economy as a system divided into core, semi-periphery and periphery regions with unequal economic relationships
(Wallerstein, 2004).
Refers to a culturally based fear of outsiders rather than a racially based- fear, and can include shunning and other forms of exclusion demonstrating outright disregard for the person who is identified as foreign (Ferrante, et al., 2016).