Health Sciences

Items

• Calcium

  A mineral found in many foods that strengthens bones and teeth
• Carbohydrates

  Compounds composed of single or multiple sugars
• Choline

  An essential nutrient commonly grouped with the B-vitamins
• Chloride

  A mineral/electrolyte found in body fluids
• Coenzyme

  A non-protein compound required for enzyme function
• Daily value

  Percentage of a nutrient provided by one serving compared to the recommended amount
• Deficiency

  Lack or insufficiency of a required substance
• Dehydration

  Condition in which body water output exceeds water input
• Dietary supplement

  Product taken to supplement the diet
• Electrolytes

  Minerals in body fluids such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride
• Empty kilocalorie foods

  Foods that provide energy but lack protein, vitamins and minerals
• Estimated average requirement

  Average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet needs of half of healthy individuals
• Fat soluble vitamins

  Vitamins A, D, E and K that dissolve in fat
• Fortified

  Food with added nutrients
• Free radical

  Unstable molecule with unpaired electrons
• Haemoglobin

  Protein that transports oxygen
• Haemophilia

  Hereditary disease affecting blood clotting
• Folate

  A B-vitamin also known as folic acid
• Iodine

  Mineral needed for thyroid hormones
• Iron

  Mineral that helps provide oxygen to muscles
• Keratomalacia

  Softening of the cornea leading to blindness
• Keratin

  Protein of hair and nails
• Magnesium

  Mineral important for muscles, nerves and DNA
• Micronutrients

  Nutrients needed in small amounts
• Minerals

  Elements needed for normal body function