Physics

Items

• microscope

  An optical instrument that magnifies small objects, allowing detailed observation of structures not visible to the naked eye.
• microscopic

  Describing objects or phenomena that are too small to be seen without magnification.
• microwave

  Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between infrared and radio waves, used in communication, radar, and cooking.
• minimum

  The smallest value in a set or function; in physics, it can refer to the least energy, position, or quantity.
• mirror

  A surface that reflects light in a predictable manner, typically with a smooth and polished surface.
• mode

  A particular state or pattern, such as a vibrational mode, or the most frequently occurring value in a data set.
• model

  A simplified representation of a system or phenomenon used to explain, predict, or simulate behavior in science.
• modulus

  A constant that quantifies a material's response to stress, such as Young’s modulus (elasticity), bulk modulus, or shear modulus.
• mole

  A unit in chemistry representing 6.022 × 1023 Particles (Avogadro’s number), used to quantify atoms, ions, or molecules.
• molecule

  A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.
• molten

  Describes a substance, usually metal or rock, in a liquid state due to high temperature.
• momentum

  A measure of motion of an object, defined as the product of mass and velocity (𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣). It is conserved in isolated systems.
• monochromatic

  Describes light or electromagnetic radiation of a single wavelength or color.
• monopole

  A hypothetical particle or object with a single magnetic pole (north or south), unlike common dipole magnets.
• moon

  A natural satellite that orbits a planet; Earth’s moon is a key subject in astronomy and planetary science.
• motion

  The change in position of an object over time, described in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
• multiple

  A number that can be evenly divided by another number; in science, can refer to repeated quantities or harmonics.
• multiply

  To combine or increase quantities through multiplication; used in scaling, equations, and unit conversions.
• muon

  A heavy, unstable elementary particle similar to the electron, but with greater mass; part of the lepton family.
• nebula

  A vast cloud of gas and dust in space, often a region of star formation or the remnants of a dead star.
• negative

  A quantity less than zero; in physics, often refers to direction (e.g., negative charge, negative acceleration).
• negligible

  So small or insignificant as to be safely ignored in calculations or modeling.
• net

  The total or resultant value after all opposing factors are considered (e.g., net force = total force – opposing force).
• neutral

  Having no net charge; in chemistry and physics, refers to atoms or particles with balanced protons and electrons.
• neutrino

  An extremely light, neutral subatomic particle that interacts only via the weak nuclear force; a product of nuclear reactions.