A living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll.
The total space not occupied by soil particles in a bulk volume of soil, expressed as a fraction or percentage of the bulk volume. The interconnected part of the pore system through which fluids can move freely is called the effective pore space. Cf. air-filled porosity.
The capacity of a soil for producing a specified plant or sequence of plants under specified system management. Productivity emphasizes the capacity of the soil to produce crops and should be expressed in terms of yields.
Is a bird of the starling family Sturnidae native to eastern Africa from Ethiopia to the Cape in South Africa. An omnivorous, generalist species, it prefers cliffs and mountainous areas for nesting, and has moved into cities and towns due to similarity to its original habitat.
Bacteria capable of living symbiotically with higher plants, usually in nodules on the roots of legumes, from which they receive their energy and capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen to combined organic form hence termed simbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria
An even-toed ungulate mammal that chews the cud regurgitated from its rumen. The ruminants comprise the cattle, sheep, antelopes, deer, giraffes, and their relatives.