Eliminating extraneous variables involves controlling or minimising factors other than the independent variable that could influence the dependent variable. Researchers aim to isolate the effects of the independent variable by keeping other variables constant.
Empirical data refers to information obtained through direct observation, measurement, or experimentation. It is based on real world experiences and sensory perceptions.
Empirical questions are research inquiries that can be answered through observation, measurement, or experimentation. They seek to explore relationships, patterns, or phenomena in real world.
Endowment refers to any asset donated to a non-profit institution (such as university) for perpetual benefit. The principal remains intact, and the income earned from investing the principal is used for a specific purpose.
Ethical clearance (or ethical approval) is formal acknowledgement by an authorised body that a research study meets ethical standards and guidelines. It ensures participants’ rights and well-being.
These refer to the moral considerations and principles that guide how researchers collect data from participants. Ethical issues in data collection include ensuring informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, and minimising harm to participants.
These relate to the underlying goals and intentions of a research study. Researchers must obtain informed consent, protect participants’ privacy, and ensure that the data collection process does not cause harm.
These pertain to the specific research questions or problems being investigated. Researchers must address ethical concerns related to the impact of their research on individuals or communities.
These encompass a wide range of moral dilemmas that researchers encounter throughout the research process. They include issues related to honesty, transparency, fairness and respect for participants.
Ethics is the study of moral principles and values that govern human behaviour. In research, ethics ensure that studies are conducted ethically, respecting the rights and well-being of participants.
Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves studying and describing the culture, behaviour, and practices of a specific group or community.
Evaluating research refers to the process of assessing the quality, credibility, and relevance of a research study or project. It involves examining the methods, data, and results of the research to determine its validity, reliability, and usefulness.
Evaluation research (also known as program evaluation) systematically assesses the worth or merit of time, money, effort, and resources spent to achieve a goal. It applies to priority setting, assessing proposals, and integrating evaluation results into policy.