Mathematics

Items

• googol

  10 to the power of 100.
• gradient

  The gradient is a multi-variable generalization of the derivative. While a derivative can be defined on functions of a single variable, for functions of several variables, the gradient takes its place.
• graph

  Line graphs are usually used to show dependent data, and particularly trends over time. Line graphs depict a point value for each category, which are joined in a line.
• great circle

  A great circle is the largest circle that can be drawn on a sphere. It is defined as the intersection of the sphere and a plane that passes through the center of the sphere. The diameter of a great circle is equal to the diameter of the sphere.
• halve

  To halve a number or quantity means to divide it by two.
• harmonic

  A component frequency of an oscillation or wave.
• hexagon

  A plane figure with six straight sides and angles.
• highest common factor

  The highest number that can be divided exactly into each of two or more numbers.
• histograms

  A histogram is an accurate representation of the distribution of numerical data.
• homogeneous

  In mathematics, a homogeneous function is one with multiplicative scaling behaviour: if all its arguments are multiplied by a factor, then its value is multiplied by some power of this factor.
• homogeneous differential equation

  Homogeneous differential equations are those where f(x,y) has the same solution as f(nx, ny), where n is any number. They typically cannot be solved as written, and require the use of a substitution.
• homomorphism

  A transformation of one set into another that preserves in the second set the relations between elements of the first.
• horizontal asymptote

  Is a horizontal line that the graph of a function approaches but never touches.
• hyperbola

  A symmetrical open curve formed by the intersection of a circular cone with a plane at a smaller angle with its axis than the side of the cone.
• hyperbolic cosecant

  The hyperbolic function that is analogous to the cosecant and defined by the equation csch x = 1 / sinh x.
• hyperbolic cosine

  Just as the points (cos t, sin t) form a circle with a unit radius, the points (cosh t, sinh t) form the right half of the equilateral hyperbola. The hyperbolic functions take a real argument called a hyperbolic angle. The size of a hyperbolic angle is twice the area of its hyperbolic sector.
• hyperbolic cotangent

  This function is easily defined as the ratio of the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions (or expanded, as the ratio of the half‐sum and half‐difference of two exponential functions in the points and ).
• hyperbolic function

  General terms for all hyperbolics.
• hyperbolic identity

  Hyperbolic identities" refer to relationships, or equations, that are true for hyperbolic functions, such as sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x), just as trigonometric identities exist for sine, cosine, and tangent. These identities are analogous to trigonometric identities, but involve exponential functions and relate to hyperbolas rather than circles.
• hyperbolic secant

  In probability theory and statistics, the hyperbolic secant distribution is a continuous probability distribution whose probability density function and characteristic function are proportional to the hyperbolic secant function
• hyperbolic sine

  A function of an angle expressed as a relationship between the distances from a point on a hyperbola to the origin and to the coordinate axes, as hyperbolic sine or hyperbolic cosine: often expressed as combinations of exponential functions.
• hyperbolic tangent

  The hyperbolic tangent function, which is the hyperbolic analogue of the Tan circular function used throughout trigonometry. Tanh[α] is defined as the ratio of the corresponding hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic cosine functions via Tanh may also be defined as , where is the base of the natural logarithm Log.
• hypotenuse

  The longest side, in a right angled triangle.
• identity matrix

  A square matrix in which all the elements of the principal diagonal are ones and all other elements are zeros.
• if and only if (iff)

  It is used to denote a biconditional statement, indicating that a statement is true in both directions. If P and Q are statements, then P iff Q means that P is true if Q is true, and conversely, Q is true if P is true. In symbolic notation, this is often expressed as P ⟺ Q. The use of "iff" emphasizes that the two statements are equivalent and inseparable.