Psychology

Items

• dimension

  dimensions of psychotherapy, dimensions of experience explores the three basic elements of psychotherapy - time, space and number - summarising theory, setting it in context and bringing concepts to life with clinical illustrations.
• direct advice

  direct advice suggests that the counsellor / therapist is going to tell the client what to do to resolve their problem, giving them the answer directly.
• discipline

  discipline is the power to manage a person's thoughts, emotions, or behaviour in the face of temptation to achieve a specific goal.
• discrepancy

  the absence of positive outcomes, which is associated with dejection- related emotions, and the presence of negative outcomes which is associated with agitation- related emotions.
• dishabituation

  dishabituation is the phenomenon whereby the introduction of a different and salient stimulus will restore the original responding to the habituated stimulus.
• disorder

  disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour.
• disorganized attachment style

  a poor bond between a child and his parent(s) that is characterized by odd and confused behaviours towards the parent(s).
• displacement

  displacement is a defence mechanism that involves transferring negative feelings from one thing to another.
• dissociation

  a defence mechanism that involves feeling disconnected from a stressful or traumatic event or feeling that the event is not really happening. it is a way to block out mental trauma and protect the mind from experiencing too much stress.
• distress

  negatively affects a person.
• diversity

  diversity is the differences between individuals and / or groups.
• diversity competent counsellor

  a counsellor who displays proficiency in managing diversity within a counselling context.
• dizygotic twins

  to form fraternal or dizygotic twins, two eggs (ova) are fertilised by two sperm and produce two genetically unique children.
• dominant gene

  a dominant gene is a segment of dna information that is used to make chromosomes. dominant genes are a result of dominant alleles in chromosomes. when an allele is dominant it is expressed in the phenotype over a recessive allele.
• dream work

  the dream-work is the unconscious ciphering that transforms the latent content into the manifest content.
• dual / multiple relationships

  dual relationships in therapy refer to situations where a therapist has multiple roles with a client, which can complicate the therapeutic relationship and potentially lead to ethical dilemmas.
• dwarfism

  dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition.
• echolalia

  echolalia is a human behaviour involving the repetition of words or sounds, either immediately after hearing the auditory stimulus or after time has passed.
• eclecticism

  eclecticism in psychotherapy refers to the approach where therapists draw on multiple theoretical frameworks and techniques to tailor their treatment to the individual needs of clients.
• effective therapy

  effective therapy, quality counselling, and psychotherapy are about a relationship, developing skills, learning techniques, and improving the concept we have of ourselves and the world around us.
• ego

  one of the Freud’s structure of personality, the ego is the one that guides the energy of the id by using reason.
• ego defence mechanism / defence mechanism

  defence mechanisms to protect your ego.
• egocentric speech

  egocentric speech, an important adaptive behaviour in normal development, designates the verbalizations that usually occur while a child between the ages of two and seven performs an adaptive task and thereby increases problem-solving abilities.
• embryo

  embryo, the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother.
• embryonic

  the beginning of the third week after conception marks the start of the embryonic period, a time when the mass of cells becomes distinct as a human.