a defence mechanism that involves, retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying the usually childish behaviours characteristic of that more secure time
reinforcement theory is a psychological principle suggesting that behaviours are shaped by their consequences, and that
individual behaviours can be changed through reinforcement, punishment and extinction.
reliability is the overall consistency of a measure. a measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions.
respondent behaviour
is behaviour that is caused by stimulus in the environment. the behaviour is unlearned and a reflex. a behaviour is elicited, unintentional and cannot be controlled.
the rooting reflex in babies is a basic survival instinct. this reflex helps your baby find and latch onto a bottle or your breast to begin feeding. when you gently stroke the corner of your baby's mouth with your nipple, they should instinctively turn their head toward it to nurse.
scaffolding has been defined as a process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task or achieve a goal which would be beyond his unassisted efforts
schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling. people with schizophrenia require lifelong treatment
a therapist's scope of practice includes the presenting issues and diagnoses they are experienced in treating, the age range with which they work, and the modalities and interventions they have trained in.
in the second topography, Freud develops an explanation where unconscious desires are the cause of mental events which can rationally explain the agent's actions, its bodily behaviors and symptoms. this is central to our conception of ourselves as agents.
the self is a complex and core subject in many forms of spirituality. two types of self are commonly considered— the self that is the ego, also called the learned, superficial self of mind and body, egoic creation, and the self which is sometimes called the "true self", the "observing self",
self-esteem is how we value and perceive ourselves. it's based on our opinions and beliefs about ourselves, which can feel difficult to change. we might also think of this as self-confidence. your self-esteem can affect whether you: like and value yourself as a person.